In Short : A study reveals the Eastern Himalayas have the highest black carbon levels, mainly from biomass burning, accelerating snow and glacier melt. This pollution raises snow temperatures by over 4°C, threatening water resources for nearly two billion people. Experts urge urgent action to cut black carbon emissions from cookstoves and crop burning to slow glacial loss and protect regional water security.
In Detail : A recent study highlights that the Eastern Himalayas experience the highest levels of black carbon, a pollutant largely stemming from biomass burning. This black carbon accelerates the melting of snow and glaciers in the region, posing serious environmental concerns.
Researchers analyzed 23 years of NASA satellite data from 2000 to 2023, finding that snow surface temperatures in the area have increased by more than 4°C. This temperature rise is linked to higher black carbon deposits, which reduce the snow’s reflectivity and cause it to absorb more heat.
Black carbon mainly originates from fossil fuel use, open burning, and biomass burning in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. These emissions darken snow surfaces, making them more vulnerable to rapid melting and leading to a loss of snow depth despite consistent overall temperatures.
Experts warn that accelerated glacier melt threatens freshwater supplies for nearly two billion people downstream. The year 2022 marked a record loss for Himalayan glaciers, with some losing up to two meters of ice in a single year, four times the usual rate.
The study calls for urgent policy measures to curb black carbon emissions, especially from sources like cookstoves, crop residue burning, and transportation. Reducing these emissions can provide quick climate benefits and help slow glacier retreat.
Cutting black carbon pollution offers a vital opportunity to cool the region in the short term and protect critical water resources. Immediate action is essential to safeguard the Himalayan glaciers and ensure sustainable water security for millions.
