In Short : A report by ICIMOD reveals that Hindu Kush Himalaya countries use only 6.1% of their total energy from clean sources, despite vast renewable potential. Hydropower, solar, and wind remain underexploited, while fossil fuels dominate the energy mix. Bhutan and Nepal lead with fully renewable electricity. The report emphasizes regional cooperation, investment, and policy reforms to unlock sustainable energy and enhance climate resilience.
In Detail : A recent report by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) highlights that Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) countries generate only 6.1% of their total primary energy from clean sources. Despite possessing significant renewable energy potential, the region continues to rely heavily on fossil fuels for its energy needs, limiting progress toward sustainable energy transition.
The HKH region has a hydropower potential of 882 gigawatts (GW), with 635 GW derived from transboundary rivers. However, only 49% of this potential is currently harnessed. Additionally, non-hydro clean energy sources such as solar and wind contribute to a total potential of 3 terawatts (TW), far exceeding current utilization levels across the region.
Hydropower development is notably underutilized in several countries. Bhutan and Nepal have developed just 2% and 6% of their hydropower potential, respectively. Myanmar and Pakistan utilize 8% and 18%, while China and India have harnessed only fractions of their solar and wind energy capacities, reflecting gaps in renewable deployment.
The report stresses the importance of regional cooperation and investment to enhance clean energy utilization. Improving grid connectivity, facilitating technology exchange, and implementing supportive policies can accelerate renewable energy adoption, mitigate climate risks, and ensure a more resilient energy system across the HKH region.
Fossil fuels remain dominant in the energy mix of most HKH countries. Bangladesh relies on them for 98% of energy supply, India 77%, Pakistan 76%, China 67%, and Myanmar 51%. This dependence presents a challenge for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving sustainable energy goals.
Despite these challenges, Bhutan and Nepal stand out for generating 100% of their electricity from renewable sources. Their achievements demonstrate that with political will, strategic investment, and infrastructure development, other HKH countries can replicate similar success in clean energy deployment.
The underutilization of renewable energy also affects rural communities, many of whom still rely on biomass for cooking and heating. This reliance has health and environmental consequences, highlighting the need for cleaner cooking technologies and sustainable biomass management practices to improve living conditions.
ICIMOD emphasizes a comprehensive approach to unlock the region’s renewable energy potential. Policy reforms, capacity building, and international collaboration are essential for promoting sustainable energy, reducing emissions, and fostering climate resilience in the HKH region.
